Presentation May 17

 Mumluks

Definition

1. Mamluks is Arabic designation for “owned slaves”. 

2. Domination:

-  Throne was passed through by murder or usurpation, not inheritance

- Every reign of Sultan rarely lasted more than 6 years.

3. Conclusion:  Architecture flourished and new forms evolved.

Bahri Mamluks (1250- 1382 AD):  Chaotic Politic

1^ST Mamluk Sultan: Baybars Al- Bunduqdari

- He succeed remove Crusaders and protected Egypt from the Mongols&

   Restored power to the Abbasid caliphs in Cairo.

Mosque: Mosque of Baybars

Plan and image of Mosque of Baybars

Description

-          No longer intact except outer wall remain

-          Projecting portals & corner towers (similar to al- Hakim)

-          One Minaret

-          Arcade was supported by both colums and brick piers

-          Stilted and pointed arches

-          Keel- shaped arches: decorative niches on the façade of the entrance

Mosque Complex of Sultan Hassan

        

Plan of Madrasssa of Sultan Hassa                                     Madrasssa of Sultan Hassan

- Year of built: 1356- 1363

- Complex contain: Friday mosque, a madrasa & domed mausoleum

- Major monument in Islamic World

- Largest mosque in Cairo, allow to accommodate 400 students

- Location: former palace, made it necessary to build an enourmous and magnificient structure

- Building:

                -Tall, towering 113 feet above the street

                - Dome collapsed in 1661

                - Originally has 2 minarets, only one stands today. Another one collapsed in 1659.

                - Portal: remarkable due to it is largest in Cairo.

7 principle

Knowledge: Sahn leads to the madrasa, consisting 4 rites (Shafi’i, Maliki, Hanafi, Hanbali)

Remembrance: Inscriptions at dome- rhythmic precision and expression in remembrance to God

Respect: Mosque gateway or entryway greet before by magnificent size of central courtyard and prayer hall.

Burgi/ Circassian Mamluks (1382- 1517 AD): Political Turmoil

1. Circassian Mamluks were slaves bought by Bahri Mamluks Sultan Qala’ un

2. Similar to Bahri Mamluk dynasty, Circassian sultan gain power through murder and usurpation

3. Circassian rule began by Sultan Zaher Barqooq

In this empire, chritians and jews were persecuted and people were taxed heavily.

Conclusion: greatest epoch of Egyptian architecture

Why?

Mamluks produce most inspiring and breathtaking structure in the Islamic World.

Circassian Mamluk architecture

- Builders developed ribbed stone dome  and soon adapted.

- Builders develop ribbing: derived from tabbed stone helmet of the minaret of Amir Qusun, alter pattern that symbolize Circassian Mumluks Dynasty. Stone dome design quickly end after  Ottoman conquest of 1517.

Funerary Complex of Sultan Barquq

Plan and image of The Khanqah and Mausoleum of Sultan Faraj Ibn Barquq

- First Circassian ruler.

- Building contained: Similar to Mosque of Sultan Hassan, has madrasa teaching the  4 rites, Friday mosque and mausoleum.

Different with Mosque of Sultan Hassa: Also a khanqah for Sufis.

Accomodation: 125 students and 60 Sufis

Sultan Qaytbay (1468-1496)

- Devote to the construction of religious institution. This was the time of consolidation of idea and practices rather than a time of innovation.

- Able to develop and practice new architecture style: Focus on stone carving and the refinement of proportion.

The funerary & religious complex of Sultan Ashraf Qaitbay

Plan and image of The funerary & religious complex of Sultan Ashraf Qaitbay.

- Includes 4 iwans in the madrasa, cells for students, a tomb, a sabil (public drinking fountain), and a boy’s primary school.